BuddhistSolutionforEnvironmentalIssues
释教对环境题目的解决之道
李重硕传授/Prof.HwaryeongLee(韩国/Korea)
Director,CentralEducationCenterofBuddhistChongjiOrder/
韩国释教摠持宗中心教诲院长
Today,thenaturaldisasterscausedbyenvironmentalpollutionarethreateningthesurvivalofhumanbeings.Theslogansbysocialorganizationsorgovernmentsarenotpowerlessinpreventingofsuchdisasters.Humanbeingsmustgropefortheultimatesolutionforenvironmentpollution.Otherwise,humanbeingswillsoonreceivetheentirekarmaeffectsfromwhattheyhavedone.Suchkarmaeffectswillbringlossoflivesandfortune,shortageoffoodandwater,andvariousdiseases.
WeshouldfindoutthesolutionfromBuddhisminordertopreventsuchdisasters.Buddhistphilosophy,whichemphasizescoexistence,willprovidephilosophicalfoundationaswellasconcretemethodtopreventenvironmentalpollutionandsavetheearth.
TheBuddhadidnotmentionaboutenvironmentalpollutionorsolutionforit,fortherewasnodestructionofnatureorenvironmentalproblemcausedbysuchdestruction.However,ifwelookforconcretemethodbasedonthespiritofcompassion,toprotectnaturalenvironment,wecanrecognizethatfollowingtheBuddha’steachingisnootherthanprotectingofnatureandlivingtogetherwithit,andthatthewayoflifeassuchisalsothewaytoprotectenvironment.
TheBuddhaalreadytaughtusthroughthedoctrineofco-existencehowwecancoexisttogetherwithnature.Thereupon,Buddhistsbelievethattheyhavetoloveallsentientbeingsandletthemnottohaveanyfears,thattheyhavetokeeptheirlivesinfrugalityforthebenefitofallsentientbeings,andthattheyarecautiousnottospendwastefully.Weshouldknowthroughthedoctrineofdependentoriginationthatnatureisnotwhatexistforourexploitation,butwhatsupportsourlivesandthusshouldcoexistwithus.
Itistruethatman’sdesireisthedrivingforceofhumancivilizationintoday.Menhavepursuedmaterialsatisfactionratherthaninternalhappiness.Theytriedtoproducewealthasmuchastheycaninordertosatisfytheirdesire.Thefundamentalcauseofenvironmentalpollutionalsocomesfromhere.Ifentirehumanbeingsabandontheirdesireandpursefrugallife,theirwastesareminimizedandarealsodestructionofenvironment.
IfweBuddhistsunderstand,throughthetruthofdependentorigination,thenecessityofcoexistence,practiceitinoureverydaylife,moderateourdesire,havecompassion,andsavealllivesandresources,environmentwillbeprotectedandthepeaceoftheworldwillberealized.
Therefore,environmentissueswillbegintoberesolved,whenweunderstandtheBuddha’steachingandpracticemoderateandfrugallife.
ImplementingBuddhismInaWorld’sProgressive,Just,SustainableandLowCarbonDevelopmentModel
国际环保履历取佛教徒的义务
MyThiNguyen
(Vietnam/越南；Australia/澳洲)
ChiefAdvisorofSMEC/EnvironmentalProtectionSpecialist/
SMEC的首席环保参谋/环保专家
ABSTRACT:
ThepresentationanalysesthefundamentalteachingsandprinciplesofBuddhismandthepracticesofBhikkhusBhikkhunisSanghasandBuddhistlaypeople.Thisiscomparedtothefundamental4R’s(Reduce,Re-use,RecycleandRenewableenergy)principlestheClean/AlternativeLowCarbonrequirementsforaprogressive,justandsustainabledevelopmentworld-wide.
ThefocusisthendirectedattheopportunitiespresentlyavailablethatBuddhistmenwomentheBuddhistSanghasindevelopedanddevelopingcountriescanactivelyparticipateindevelopingandimplementingenergyefficientandprogressive,justandsustainableprojects.Theobviousadvantagesoftheparticipationandexpectedoutcomesarethecarryon-wardinthedailycontinuationoftherighteouspracticesofsustainabilityandlonglastingchangesinthementality,themoralandintellectualattitudesofsocietyandinpiduals.
INTRODUCTION
For2600yearstherehasbeenawide-spread,sustainableandculturedBuddhistcivilizationacrossmanycountriesandworldterritories.Theteachinghadbeenpracticedbythewholespectrumofsociety,fromthehighest(kingsandeducated,upperclass)tolowestclassesoflaymenwomenasthecitizenmassesofsocieties.Buddhistfundamentalteachingprinciplesandthepracticingof6harmonicalprinciplesforlivinginharmonyatBuddhisttemplesillustratetheexamplesoflivinginsharingcaring.Thetemplesandgardensarchitecturaldesignconstruction(withtallboddhitrees)providesthephysical,mentalandspiritualsheltersformillionsinhabitantalloverplacesonearth.
Overtherecentdecadesashumankindarethreatenedwiththeenvironmentalcrisistosavetheearthplanetwithallitslivingspeciesfromchaineddestructions,consequentlytherearemanyprominentBuddhistteachingmasters,distinguishedscholarsandrenownedresearchinstitutionsworld-widehavepublishedandvoicedtheurgentneedstobringBuddhismintomeetingtheflighthead-on.
TheauthorattemptstolookintotheWHAT,WHYANDHOWBUDDHISMANDBUDDHISTPEOPLEINCLUDINGTHESANGHASCANHELPSOLVETHECRISISfromtheperspectivesoftechnicalviewpoint.
CONCLUSION:
Buddhismhasapproachedinpiduals,communitiesandcountriesthroughvariousmeans,forms,causesandconcurs.Byactivelyparticipateinpracticalactivitiesinthejointeffortwithmanyinpiduals,organizationsorcorporationsforlocal,nationalandworld-widedevelopments,BuddhismwillitselfstepfurtherandgodeeperintothepracticinganddemonstratingtheBuddhistTeachings.ThefeedbacksresultedfromtheworkarethedemonstratedvaluesofBuddhismtothesociety.Throughthisalonglastingchangesinthementality,themoralandintellectualattitudesofsocietyandinpidualswillbeconvertedtothesameobjectives
气候变迁的打击取调适
ClimateChange,ImpactandAdaptation
简又新
台湾永续能源基金会董事长
Abstract
半个世纪以来，天气变迁及地球热化，导致灾难频传，包罗热浪、暴雨、干旱等各类极度天气不息上演，并有条不紊，而格陵兰等冰川大面积融化使得海平面上升，迫使小岛国度面对糊口生涯危机。连台湾还深受极度天气所害，无情的八八风灾是台湾人一生的暗影。跟着危害局限日渐扩大，全部天下正在能源、水资源、食粮都将发生比较严重失调。亚洲开辟银行(ADB:AsianDevelopmentBank)日前宣布的一项研究结果就指出，若是持续无视天气变迁题目，亚太国度将面对食粮和能源充足、贫困题目恶化取作物不息减收等结果。这一些天气衍生之题目不但只会正在电视新闻上被报道，它会实正在的正在每个人生活方圆发作。
Duringthepasthalfcentury,climatechangeandglobalwarminghavecausedfrequentdisasterssuchasheatwaves,heavyrains,anddroughts;allthesedisastersarecloselyconnected.ThemeltingofglaciersinGreenlandiscausingsealeveltoriseandthreateningthesurvivalofislandnations.Taiwanisalsoseverelyinfluencedbyextremeclimates,the88FloodwillhauntTaiwanesepeoplelifelong.Withtheincreaseoftheaffectedarea,therewillbeworldwideimbalanceinenergyresources,waterresources,andfoodsupplies.TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)recentlyreleasedaresearchthatindicates,ifclimatechangecontinuestobeignored,AsianPacificcountrieswillsufferconsequencessuchasshortageinfoodandenergy,worsenedpovertyproblems,andcontinualreductionofcropyield.Theseclimatechangerelatedissueswillnotjustbebroadcastingontelevisionnews;theywilltakeplacearoundeveryone.
依据?合国气候变化纲领条约(UNFCCC:UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange)所提出之应对气候变迁的体例为：“减量”取“调适”。将来全球将会限定化石燃料等的使用量，迈入低碳经济时期，此蕴含着新兴产业革命时机取时期的到来，是项挑衅，更是个时机，我们应紧捉住这个剧变中之时机，扭转时局。比如英国由18世纪中叶动员环球第一波工业革命后，经济实力先继被美、中、德、日所逾越，不外，英国人仍不抛却再兴起之时机，当全球把地球热化视为世纪大要挟时，英国人却把它视为新的时机，盼再创低碳新经济革命。
AccordingtotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),reductionandadaptationareconsideredassolutionforfightingagainstthethreatofclimatechange.Inthefuture,theworldwillrestrictpetroleumfuelconsumption,andenteranageoflowcarboneconomy.Thisimpliesthearrivalofanewindustrialrevolution.Itwillbeachallengeaswellasanopportunity.Wemustseizetheopportunityduringthisgreatchange.Duringthemid18thcentury,GreatBritaintooktheleadofthefirstwaveoftheIndustrialRevolution,butitseconomicstrengthwassubsequentlysurpassedbytheUnitedStates,China,Germany,andJapan.However,theBritishdidnotgiveuponregainingtheedge;astheworldlookuponglobalwarmingasagreatthreatofthecentury,theBritishconsidersitanewopportunityandaimstolaunchalowcarboneconomyrevolution.
除家当上的改动外，小我私家习惯的“调适”也是至关重要的。台湾的环境取经济将来面临气候变迁劫难之打击似乎是无可避免，而基础办理之道在于社会群众认识的醒觉，我们必需改动曩昔的生活习惯，挑选简单永续之生活型态，同心联袂办理这一世纪最大题目，尽力将各类打击降到最低，为下一代的将来争夺最大生气希望。
Otherthanindustrialandeconomicchanges,personaladaptationisalsocrucial.DisasterscausedbyclimatechangewillhaveinevitableimpactontheenvironmentandeconomyofTaiwan;thesolutionrestsuponpublicawareness.Wemustchangeourhabitsandchooseasustainablewayofliving.Wemustsolvethegreatestproblemofthiscenturytogether,worktominimizeitsimpact,andhelpthenextgenerationsurvive.
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